EGYPT'S mainly secular opposition has gathered for last-ditch protests against a new constitution it slams as divisive, but on the eve of a referendum it held back from urging a boycott.
The opposition National Salvation Front expressed "deep concern" over the vote called by Islamist President Mohamed Morsi, which is intended to complete the transition from veteran strongman Hosni Mubarak's rule.
But while again protesting against the spreading of polling over two successive Saturdays, it refrained from urging supporters to stay away from a plebiscite that analysts say the Islamists are likely to carry.
The bloc has organised weeks of protests against what it regards as the hijacking of the Arab Spring uprising by an Islamist-dominated panel to push through a constitution that leans too far towards Islamic sharia law.
Clashes last week between opposition protesters and Morsi supporters left eight people dead and hundreds injured.
Mohamed ElBaradei, a former UN nuclear energy agency chief who heads the opposition Front, said on his Twitter feed: "Insistence on referendum in an explosive, polarised, chaotic & lawless environment is leading country to the brink."
Morsi has ordered Egypt's military to help police maintain security until the results of the referendum are known. A total of 130,000 police and 120,000 soldiers will be deployed to provide security, interior ministry and military officials told AFP.
Morsi spread polling in the referendum over two days because of a lack of judges willing to provide the statutory supervision for the vote.
Polls will open on Saturday in the biggest cities of Cairo and Alexandria and eight other provinces. A week later, on December 22, the other half of the country will vote.
Morsi says the new constitution is needed to establish stability after the early 2011 ouster of Mubarak ending three decades of autocratic rule.
His Muslim Brotherhood and ultra-orthodox Salafist groups backing the draft charter have been campaigning for days for Egypt's 51 million voters to approve it.
The opposition - which initially wanted the referendum postponed and has said it could yet call a last-minute boycott if the poll is insufficiently monitored by judges and independent observers - has only started urging a "no" vote since Thursday.
"It's you who will pay the price if you vote 'yes'. 'No' to the constitution," said an online campaign advertisement by an opposition group called April 6.
At least two anti-constitution rallies were to be held in Cairo on Friday, after the main weekly Muslim prayers.
The pro-referendum camp had its supporters stationed along main roads holding "Yes to the constitution" placards. It has also released videos online with a campaign song that goes: "This constitution is not too bad, it was written by a committee of heroes."
International watchdogs, including the UN human rights chief, as well as the United States and the European Union, have expressed reservations about the draft constitution because of loopholes that could be used to weaken human rights, the rights of women and the independence of judges.
Analysts said the proven ability of the Muslim Brotherhood to get its voters out could well see the draft constitution passed, although that was not certain.
Polls open on Saturday at 8.00am (1700 AEDT) and are scheduled to close at 7.00pm (0400 AEDT Sunday).
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